Материалы сборника предназначены для специалистов.

Scientists in many fields are presently giving the closest attention to study of the potentials of the systems approach for understanding what cannot be comprehended with the analytical approach or, as V. A. Engel'gardt has put it, "an accumulation of material in reduced form." This approach is in some degree a gesture of despair. It is quite obvious that we now face the danger of drowning in the abundance of data accumulated in terms of "special" problems not tied into a (...) system, and that this threatens loss of general direction. (shrink)

Childhood obesity is a serious problem for increasing numbers of children around the world. According to the International Obesity Task Force, 1 of 10 schoolaged children worldwide is overweight or obese, a number totaling 155 million; of these, 2-3% are obese. Prevalence is highest in the Americas and Europe, followed by the Near/Middle East, with smaller but growing numbers in the Asia-Pacific and Sub-Saharan regions of the world.In the United States, which provides the data for much of this report, prevalence (...) continues to rise. The most recent nationally representative data indicate that 33.6% of individuals aged 2-19 years were overweight and 17.1% were at risk for overweight in 2003-2004, compared to 28.2% and 13.9% in 1999-2000, respectively. In this age group, the prevalence of overweight or at risk for overweight was highest among Mexican Americans, followed by Non-Hispanic blacks and Non-Hispanic whites, and a higher percentage of males were overweight compared to females. (shrink)

THE HOLY GAL - and European, medieval legends - a mysterious vessel, for the sake of approaching and engaging in its good deeds, the knights performed their exploits. It was commonly believed that this is the Cup with the blood of Jesus Christ, which Joseph of Arimathea gathered, who removed from the cross the body of the crucified Christ. It was often assumed that this cup originally served Christ and the Apostles at the time of the Last Supper; was the (...) Cup for the communion of the first Liturgy. Gral is a mystery, invisible to the unworthy, but also worthy of being different. Gral has the ability to miraculously fill his elect with unearthly things, which was first discovered during the imprisonment of Joseph Artmofeysky. (shrink)

Study of Śaṅkarācārya's critique of the various Indian philosophical schools, other than Vedanta, in his Śārīrakamīmāṃsābhāṣya.

This paper attempts to argue for the theory-ladenness of evidence. It does so by employing and analysing an episode from the history of eighteenth century chemistry. It delineates attempts by Joseph Priestley and Antoine Lavoisier to construct entirely different kinds of evidence for and against a particular hypothesis from a set of agreed upon observations or (raw) data. Based on an augmented version of a distinction, drawn by J. Bogen and J. Woodward, between data and phenomena it is shown that (...) the role of theoretical auxiliary assumptions is very important in constructing evidence for (or against) a theory from observation or (raw) data. In revolutionary situations, rival groups hold radically different theories and theoretical auxiliary assumptions. These are employed to construct very different evidence from the agreed upon set of observations or (raw) data. Hence, theory resolution becomes difficult. It is argued that evidence construction is a multi-layered exercise and can be disputed at any level. What counts as unproblematic observation or (raw) data at one level may become problematic at another level. The contingency of these constructions and the (un)problematic nature of evidence are shown to be partially dependent upon the scientific knowledge that the scientific community possesses. (shrink)

A new theory of spacetime is proposed in which translations are considered as a part of the de Sitter gauge group. The theory is built along the general principles of classical gauge field theories, which are outlined. Applications of gauge principles to linear and affine connections are also given in order to make the presentation self-sufficient. A de Sitter invariant Lagrangian is constructed, which yields approximately Einstein's vacuum equations when it is subjected to variation with respect to gauge potentials and (...) the result expressed in a specific gauge class. As a difference from the usual use of de Sitter groups, the radius of its translations must be small in the present approach, which probably has the meaning of an elementary subatomic length. The solution of the equations describing flat spacetime is not the trivial zero-curvature connection of the conventional approach. (shrink)

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has been employed to investigate the glass transition activation energy E g, thermal stability and glass-forming ability (GFA) of Se90In10− x Sb x (x = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10) chalcogenide glasses. DSC runs were performed at six different heating rates. Well-defined endothermic and exothermic peaks were obtained at glass transition and crystallization temperature. The dependence of glass transition temperature T g on heating rate (α), as well as composition of Sb, has been studied. From (...) the dependence of glass transition temperature on heating rate, the E g has been calculated on the basis of the Kissinger [Anal. Chem. 29 (1957) p.1702] and Moynihan [J. Phys. Chem. 78 (1974) p.267] models. Thermal stability has been monitored through the calculation of temperature differences T c–T g, the stability parameter S, and the enthalpy released during crystallization H c. The GFA has been investigated on the basis of the Hruby parameter H r, which is strong indicator of GFA. Results for GFA are in good agreement with fragility index F i calculations, indicating that Se90In6Sb4 is an excellent glass-former. (shrink)

Structural change in the cellular prion protein, PrPC to a ProteinaseK‐resistant β‐sheet‐rich insoluble form PrPSC and its accumulation have been considered to be central to the pathogenesis of the prion diseases (TSE). In a recent paper, Deleault et al have shown that specific endogenous RNA molecules can induce in vitro structural conversion of endogenous PrPC to PrPSC.1 Small highly structured synthetic RNAs can also induce this conversion process.2 However, recent in vivo results show that PrPSC is not directly involved in (...) the prion pathogenesis.3 It is possible, however, that nucleic‐acid‐induced PrPSC associated with the inducer nucleic acid could be the components of the infectious agent. BioEssays 26:469–473, 2004. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (shrink)

Uneasy times such as the present are distinguished by the extreme indeterminacy and fuzziness of the language they use. But as a rule this is veiled over, not unsuccessfully, if often unconsciously and with self-deception. The concrete examples or "figures" of linguistic expression are quite diverse: they include the reduction of the conceptual structures of language to purely verbal constructions and schemata, the uncommonly frequent use of certain words and expressions, which creates the illusion that they are clear and well (...) defined, and much, much else. (shrink)

Desmosomes are junctions involved in intercellular adhesion of epithelial cells and hemidesmosomes are junctions involved in adhesion of epithelia to basement membranes. Both are characterised at the ultrastructural level by dense cytoplasmic plaques which are linked to the intermediate filament cytoskeleton of the cells. The plaques strongly resemble each other suggesting a relationship between the two kinds of junctions, as implied by their names. Recent characterisation of the molecular components of the junctions shows they are, in fact, quite unrelated implying (...) that structural similarity is fortuitous. The molecular biology raises many fascinating problems relating to their structure and function. (shrink)

PART I. -- 1. The Asian, European and the American views on destiny -- 2. Biblical fulfilment of destiny -- 3. Destiny in the Ghanaian context -- 4. Mystical effects of names on destiny -- PART II. -- 5. My childhood days and primary education -- 6. My secondary education -- 7. University education -- 8. Employment after graduation, mariage life and children -- 9. Post-graduate studies at the University of Strathclyde, Glascgow, Scotland and working experience -- 10. Resignation from (...) Cocoa processing company and employment at Tema Food Complex Corportion -- 11. Appointment as the manaing director of cocoa processing company, achievements, awards and honours received -- 12. Mysterious occurrences in my life and my wife's miraculous healing -- 13. Do you believe in fasting, prayers and dreams? -- 14. Conclusion. (shrink)